Overview
Grade 1 Titanium is the softest and most ductile commercially pure titanium grade, offering exceptional corrosion resistance, formability, weldability, and biocompatibility. It is classified under ASTM standards as Titanium Grade 1 (UNS R50250) and is widely used in chemical processing, marine environments, medical equipment, and architectural applications.
Among all commercially pure titanium grades, Grade 1 provides the highest ductility and best cold-forming capability, making it ideal for applications requiring complex fabrication and superior corrosion resistance rather than maximum strength.
Grade 1 titanium is widely used in:
- Chemical Processing Equipment
- Heat Exchangers
- Marine Components
- Medical Devices
- Aerospace Ducting
- Architectural Applications
- Desalination Systems
- Anodized Decorative Components
Because of its outstanding corrosion resistance and excellent fabrication characteristics, Grade 1 remains a preferred material in highly corrosive environments.
Material Specification
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Material Designation | Grade 1 Titanium |
| UNS Number | R50250 |
| ASTM Standard | ASTM B265 / ASTM B348 / ASTM B381 |
| Material Family | Commercially Pure Titanium |
| Density | 4.51 g/cm³ |
| Magnetic Property | Non-Magnetic |
| Typical Supply Condition | Annealed |
| Standard Forms | Sheet, Plate, Bar, Rod, Tube, Wire |
Chemical Composition
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Titanium (Ti) | Balance |
| Oxygen (O) | ≤0.18 |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤0.20 |
| Carbon (C) | ≤0.08 |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤0.03 |
| Hydrogen (H) | ≤0.015 |
The low oxygen and iron content contribute to excellent ductility and formability.
Mechanical Properties
Annealed Condition
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ≥240 MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥170 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥24% |
| Hardness | 70–120 HB |
| Elastic Modulus | 105 GPa |
Typical Mechanical Performance
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Fatigue Resistance | Good |
| Impact Toughness | Excellent |
| Ductility | Outstanding |
| Formability | Outstanding |
Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 4.51 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1668°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 17 W/m·K |
| Electrical Conductivity | 3% IACS |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.55 μΩ·m |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 8.6 × 10⁻⁶/K |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 520 J/kg·K |
Strength-to-Weight Ratio
| Material | Density (g/cm³) | Tensile Strength |
|---|---|---|
| Grade 1 Titanium | 4.51 | 240 MPa |
| Stainless Steel 316L | 8.00 | 485 MPa |
| Aluminum 6061-T6 | 2.70 | 310 MPa |
| Grade 2 Titanium | 4.51 | 345 MPa |
Although Grade 1 has lower strength than other titanium grades, it offers excellent weight savings and corrosion resistance.
Corrosion Resistance
| Environment | Performance |
|---|---|
| Fresh Water | Excellent |
| Salt Water | Excellent |
| Marine Atmosphere | Excellent |
| Chloride Solutions | Excellent |
| Oxidizing Acids | Excellent |
| Chemical Processing | Excellent |
Grade 1 titanium develops a stable titanium oxide film that provides exceptional corrosion resistance.
Recommended surface treatments:
- Pickling
- Passivation
- Polishing
- Anodizing
- Electropolishing
Weldability
| Welding Process | Rating |
|---|---|
| TIG Welding | Outstanding |
| MIG Welding | Excellent |
| Resistance Welding | Excellent |
| Laser Welding | Excellent |
Grade 1 offers the best weldability among commercially pure titanium grades.
Machinability
| Process | Rating |
|---|---|
| CNC Turning | Moderate |
| CNC Milling | Moderate |
| Drilling | Moderate |
| Grinding | Good |
| Forming | Outstanding |
Machinability Comparison
| Material | Machinability |
|---|---|
| Aluminum 6061 | Excellent |
| Stainless Steel 304 | Moderate |
| Grade 1 Titanium | Moderate |
| Grade 5 Titanium | Difficult |
Proper tooling and cutting parameters are recommended to avoid heat buildup.
Heat Treatment
Stress Relief
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 480–650°C |
| Cooling Method | Air Cool |
Annealing
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 650–760°C |
| Cooling Method | Air Cool |
Heat Treatability
| Property | Performance |
|---|---|
| Heat Treat Hardening | No |
| Annealing Response | Excellent |
| Cold Work Strengthening | Limited |
Commercially pure titanium grades are generally not strengthened through heat treatment.
International Equivalent Grades
| Standard | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|
| ASTM (USA) | Grade 1 |
| UNS | R50250 |
| ISO | Titanium Grade 1 |
| DIN (Germany) | 3.7025 |
| EN (Europe) | Titanium Grade 1 |
| JIS (Japan) | Class 1 Titanium |
| GB/T (China) | TA1 |
Available Forms
| Product Type | Availability |
|---|---|
| Sheet | Yes |
| Plate | Yes |
| Round Bar | Yes |
| Flat Bar | Yes |
| Tube | Yes |
| Pipe | Yes |
| Wire | Yes |
| Forgings | Yes |
Typical Applications
Chemical Processing Industry
- Heat Exchangers
- Pressure Vessels
- Reactor Components
- Piping Systems
Marine Industry
- Seawater Piping
- Desalination Equipment
- Offshore Components
- Marine Fasteners
Medical Industry
- Surgical Equipment
- Medical Devices
- Laboratory Equipment
Aerospace Industry
- Ducting Systems
- Hydraulic Tubing
- Corrosion-Resistant Components
Architecture Industry
- Decorative Panels
- Building Facades
- Roofing Systems
Environmental Industry
- Water Treatment Equipment
- Pollution Control Systems
- Chemical Storage Equipment
Manufacturing Characteristics
| Manufacturing Process | Rating |
|---|---|
| CNC Machining | Good |
| Forming | Outstanding |
| Deep Drawing | Outstanding |
| Welding | Outstanding |
| Anodizing | Excellent |
| Polishing | Excellent |
Advantages
Exceptional Corrosion Resistance
One of the most corrosion-resistant engineering metals available.
Outstanding Formability
Best cold-forming capability among titanium grades.
Excellent Weldability
Highly suitable for fabricated structures and welded assemblies.
Lightweight
Approximately 45% lighter than stainless steel.
Biocompatible
Safe for medical and food-processing applications.
Non-Magnetic
Suitable for sensitive electronic and medical environments.
Limitations
Lower Strength Than Other Titanium Grades
Not suitable for highly loaded structural applications.
Higher Material Cost
More expensive than stainless steel and aluminum.
Lower Wear Resistance
Not recommended for severe abrasion environments.
Lower Conductivity
Poor electrical and thermal conductivity.
Comparison with Other Titanium Grades
| Property | Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Grade 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strength | Lowest | Moderate | Higher | Highest |
| Ductility | Best | Excellent | Good | Moderate |
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent |
| Weldability | Outstanding | Excellent | Good | Good |
| Formability | Outstanding | Excellent | Good | Moderate |
Comparison with Common Materials
| Material | Density | Corrosion Resistance | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 1 Titanium | 4.51 g/cm³ | Excellent | Moderate |
| Grade 2 Titanium | 4.51 g/cm³ | Excellent | Higher |
| 316L Stainless Steel | 8.00 g/cm³ | Excellent | Higher |
| Aluminum 6061 | 2.70 g/cm³ | Good | Moderate |
Available Surface Finishes
Raw Finishes
- Mill Finish
- Annealed Finish
- Pickled Finish
Functional Finishes
- Precision Machined Finish
- Polished Finish
- Brushed Finish
Specialty Finishes
- Anodized Finish
- Electropolished Finish
- Medical Grade Finish
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is Grade 1 titanium?
Grade 1 is the softest and most ductile commercially pure titanium grade with outstanding corrosion resistance.
What is Grade 1 titanium used for?
Typical applications include:
- Heat Exchangers
- Chemical Equipment
- Marine Components
- Medical Devices
- Architectural Panels
What is the equivalent material to Grade 1 titanium?
Common equivalents include:
- UNS R50250
- DIN 3.7025
- TA1
- Titanium Grade 1
What is the difference between Grade 1 and Grade 2 titanium?
| Property | Grade 1 | Grade 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Strength | Lower | Higher |
| Ductility | Higher | Lower |
| Formability | Better | Excellent |
| Cost | Similar | Similar |
Is Grade 1 titanium corrosion resistant?
Yes. It provides exceptional resistance to seawater, chlorides, and many chemical environments.
Can Grade 1 titanium be welded?
Yes. Grade 1 offers outstanding weldability and fabrication characteristics.
Why choose Grade 1 titanium?
Because it combines:
- Exceptional Corrosion Resistance
- Outstanding Formability
- Excellent Weldability
- Lightweight Properties
- Biocompatibility
Is Grade 1 titanium suitable for marine applications?
Yes. It is widely used in seawater and offshore environments.
Does GCNOV provide custom manufacturing services for Grade 1 titanium?
Yes. GCNOV provides:
- CNC Machining
- Titanium Fabrication
- Precision Welding
- Sheet Metal Forming
- Surface Finishing
- Prototype Development
- Low-Volume Production
- Mass Production