Overview
Grade 2 Titanium is the most widely used commercially pure titanium grade, offering an exceptional balance of strength, corrosion resistance, weldability, formability, and cost-effectiveness. Classified as UNS R50400, Grade 2 titanium provides higher strength than Grade 1 while maintaining excellent corrosion resistance and fabrication characteristics.
Often referred to as the “workhorse” of commercially pure titanium, Grade 2 is extensively used across chemical processing, marine, aerospace, medical, energy, and industrial sectors where durability and corrosion resistance are critical.
Grade 2 titanium is widely used in:
- Heat Exchangers
- Chemical Processing Equipment
- Marine Components
- Aerospace Structures
- Medical Equipment
- Desalination Plants
- Power Generation Systems
- Industrial Fabrications
Because of its excellent combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, Grade 2 accounts for the majority of commercially pure titanium applications worldwide.
Material Specification
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Material Designation | Grade 2 Titanium |
| UNS Number | R50400 |
| ASTM Standard | ASTM B265 / ASTM B348 / ASTM B381 |
| Material Family | Commercially Pure Titanium |
| Density | 4.51 g/cm³ |
| Magnetic Property | Non-Magnetic |
| Typical Supply Condition | Annealed |
| Standard Forms | Sheet, Plate, Bar, Rod, Tube, Pipe, Wire |
Chemical Composition
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Titanium (Ti) | Balance |
| Oxygen (O) | ≤0.25 |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤0.30 |
| Carbon (C) | ≤0.08 |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤0.03 |
| Hydrogen (H) | ≤0.015 |
The slightly higher oxygen and iron content compared with Grade 1 increases strength while maintaining excellent ductility.
Mechanical Properties
Annealed Condition
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ≥345 MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥275 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥20% |
| Hardness | 130–170 HB |
| Elastic Modulus | 105 GPa |
Typical Mechanical Performance
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Fatigue Resistance | Good |
| Impact Toughness | Excellent |
| Ductility | Excellent |
| Formability | Excellent |
Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 4.51 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1668°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 16.4 W/m·K |
| Electrical Conductivity | 3% IACS |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.56 μΩ·m |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 8.6 × 10⁻⁶/K |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 523 J/kg·K |
Strength-to-Weight Ratio
| Material | Density (g/cm³) | Tensile Strength |
|---|---|---|
| Grade 2 Titanium | 4.51 | 345 MPa |
| Grade 1 Titanium | 4.51 | 240 MPa |
| Stainless Steel 316L | 8.00 | 485 MPa |
| Aluminum 6061-T6 | 2.70 | 310 MPa |
Grade 2 offers an excellent balance between lightweight performance and structural strength.
Corrosion Resistance
| Environment | Performance |
|---|---|
| Fresh Water | Excellent |
| Salt Water | Excellent |
| Marine Atmosphere | Excellent |
| Chloride Solutions | Excellent |
| Oxidizing Acids | Excellent |
| Chemical Processing | Excellent |
Grade 2 titanium is highly resistant to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking in chloride-containing environments.
Recommended surface treatments:
- Pickling
- Passivation
- Polishing
- Anodizing
- Electropolishing
Weldability
| Welding Process | Rating |
|---|---|
| TIG Welding | Outstanding |
| MIG Welding | Excellent |
| Resistance Welding | Excellent |
| Laser Welding | Excellent |
Grade 2 is one of the easiest titanium grades to weld and fabricate.
Machinability
| Process | Rating |
|---|---|
| CNC Turning | Moderate |
| CNC Milling | Moderate |
| Drilling | Moderate |
| Grinding | Good |
| Forming | Excellent |
Machinability Comparison
| Material | Machinability |
|---|---|
| Aluminum 6061 | Excellent |
| Stainless Steel 304 | Moderate |
| Grade 2 Titanium | Moderate |
| Grade 5 Titanium | Difficult |
Proper cutting tools and cooling strategies are recommended when machining titanium.
Heat Treatment
Stress Relief
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 480–650°C |
| Cooling Method | Air Cool |
Annealing
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 650–760°C |
| Cooling Method | Air Cool |
Heat Treatability
| Property | Performance |
|---|---|
| Heat Treat Hardening | No |
| Annealing Response | Excellent |
| Cold Work Strengthening | Limited |
Grade 2 titanium is generally not strengthened through conventional heat treatment.
International Equivalent Grades
| Standard | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|
| ASTM (USA) | Grade 2 |
| UNS | R50400 |
| DIN (Germany) | 3.7035 |
| EN (Europe) | Titanium Grade 2 |
| ISO | Titanium Grade 2 |
| JIS (Japan) | Class 2 Titanium |
| GB/T (China) | TA2 |
Available Forms
| Product Type | Availability |
|---|---|
| Sheet | Yes |
| Plate | Yes |
| Round Bar | Yes |
| Flat Bar | Yes |
| Tube | Yes |
| Pipe | Yes |
| Wire | Yes |
| Forgings | Yes |
Typical Applications
Chemical Processing Industry
- Heat Exchangers
- Pressure Vessels
- Reactor Systems
- Chemical Storage Tanks
Marine Industry
- Seawater Piping
- Offshore Equipment
- Desalination Systems
- Marine Fasteners
Aerospace Industry
- Structural Components
- Hydraulic Tubing
- Aircraft Ducting
- Corrosion-Resistant Assemblies
Medical Industry
- Surgical Instruments
- Medical Equipment
- Laboratory Systems
Energy Industry
- Power Plant Equipment
- Heat Recovery Systems
- Nuclear Components
Environmental Industry
- Water Treatment Equipment
- Pollution Control Systems
- Waste Processing Equipment
Manufacturing Characteristics
| Manufacturing Process | Rating |
|---|---|
| CNC Machining | Good |
| Forming | Excellent |
| Deep Drawing | Excellent |
| Welding | Outstanding |
| Anodizing | Excellent |
| Polishing | Excellent |
Advantages
Excellent Corrosion Resistance
Outstanding performance in seawater, chlorides, and chemical environments.
Higher Strength Than Grade 1
Provides improved structural capability while maintaining good ductility.
Excellent Weldability
Suitable for welded fabrications and pressure vessels.
Lightweight
Approximately 45% lighter than stainless steel.
Biocompatible
Safe for medical and food-processing applications.
Cost Effective Titanium Grade
Most commonly used and readily available commercially pure titanium grade.
Limitations
Lower Strength Than Grade 5 Titanium
Not suitable for highly stressed aerospace structures.
Higher Cost Than Stainless Steel
Titanium remains a premium engineering material.
Lower Wear Resistance
Not ideal for abrasive service environments.
Poor Thermal Conductivity
Less efficient than copper and aluminum for heat transfer applications.
Comparison with Other Titanium Grades
| Property | Grade 2 | Grade 1 | Grade 3 | Grade 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strength | Moderate | Lower | Higher | Highest |
| Ductility | Excellent | Outstanding | Good | Moderate |
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent |
| Weldability | Outstanding | Outstanding | Good | Good |
| Formability | Excellent | Outstanding | Good | Moderate |
Comparison with Common Materials
| Material | Density | Corrosion Resistance | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 2 Titanium | 4.51 g/cm³ | Excellent | Moderate |
| Grade 1 Titanium | 4.51 g/cm³ | Excellent | Lower |
| 316L Stainless Steel | 8.00 g/cm³ | Excellent | Higher |
| Aluminum 6061 | 2.70 g/cm³ | Good | Moderate |
Available Surface Finishes
Raw Finishes
- Mill Finish
- Annealed Finish
- Pickled Finish
Functional Finishes
- Precision Machined Finish
- Polished Finish
- Brushed Finish
Specialty Finishes
- Anodized Finish
- Electropolished Finish
- Medical Grade Finish
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is Grade 2 titanium?
Grade 2 is the most widely used commercially pure titanium grade, offering an excellent balance of strength, corrosion resistance, and weldability.
What is Grade 2 titanium used for?
Typical applications include:
- Heat Exchangers
- Chemical Processing Equipment
- Marine Components
- Aerospace Structures
- Medical Equipment
What is the equivalent material to Grade 2 titanium?
Common equivalents include:
- UNS R50400
- DIN 3.7035
- TA2
- Titanium Grade 2
What is the difference between Grade 1 and Grade 2 titanium?
| Property | Grade 1 | Grade 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Strength | Lower | Higher |
| Ductility | Higher | Slightly Lower |
| Formability | Better | Excellent |
| Industrial Usage | Specialized | Most Common |
Is Grade 2 titanium corrosion resistant?
Yes. It offers exceptional resistance to seawater, chlorides, and aggressive chemical environments.
Can Grade 2 titanium be welded?
Yes. Grade 2 is considered one of the best titanium grades for welding and fabrication.
Why choose Grade 2 titanium?
Because it combines:
- Excellent Corrosion Resistance
- Good Strength
- Outstanding Weldability
- Lightweight Properties
- Long Service Life
Is Grade 2 titanium suitable for marine applications?
Yes. It is extensively used in offshore, marine, and desalination equipment.
Does GCNOV provide custom manufacturing services for Grade 2 titanium?
Yes. GCNOV provides:
- CNC Machining
- Titanium Fabrication
- Precision Welding
- Sheet Metal Forming
- Surface Finishing
- Prototype Development
- Low-Volume Production
- Mass Production