Overview
Grade 4 Titanium is the strongest commercially pure titanium grade, offering an exceptional combination of high strength, outstanding corrosion resistance, excellent biocompatibility, and good weldability. Classified as UNS R50700, Grade 4 provides significantly higher mechanical strength than Grades 1, 2, and 3 while maintaining the superior corrosion resistance characteristic of commercially pure titanium.
Due to its unique balance of strength and corrosion resistance, Grade 4 is widely used in medical implants, aerospace components, marine equipment, chemical processing systems, and industrial applications where both durability and corrosion resistance are critical.
Grade 4 titanium is widely used in:
- Medical Implants
- Surgical Instruments
- Aerospace Components
- Marine Equipment
- Chemical Processing Equipment
- Heat Exchangers
- Offshore Systems
- High-Strength Industrial Components
Because it offers the highest strength among commercially pure titanium grades, Grade 4 is often selected when Grade 2 is insufficient but alloyed titanium grades are not required.
Material Specification
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Material Designation | Grade 4 Titanium |
| UNS Number | R50700 |
| ASTM Standard | ASTM B265 / ASTM B348 / ASTM B381 |
| Material Family | Commercially Pure Titanium |
| Density | 4.51 g/cm³ |
| Magnetic Property | Non-Magnetic |
| Typical Supply Condition | Annealed |
| Standard Forms | Sheet, Plate, Bar, Rod, Tube, Pipe, Wire, Forgings |
Chemical Composition
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Titanium (Ti) | Balance |
| Oxygen (O) | ≤0.40 |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤0.50 |
| Carbon (C) | ≤0.08 |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤0.05 |
| Hydrogen (H) | ≤0.015 |
The higher oxygen and iron content compared with Grades 1–3 contributes to significantly increased strength.
Mechanical Properties
Annealed Condition
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ≥550 MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥480 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥15% |
| Hardness | 180–240 HB |
| Elastic Modulus | 105 GPa |
Typical Mechanical Performance
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Fatigue Resistance | Excellent |
| Impact Toughness | Good |
| Ductility | Moderate |
| Strength-to-Weight Ratio | Excellent |
Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 4.51 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1668°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 15.5 W/m·K |
| Electrical Conductivity | 3% IACS |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.58 μΩ·m |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 8.6 × 10⁻⁶/K |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 523 J/kg·K |
Strength-to-Weight Ratio
| Material | Density (g/cm³) | Tensile Strength |
|---|---|---|
| Grade 4 Titanium | 4.51 | 550 MPa |
| Grade 3 Titanium | 4.51 | 450 MPa |
| Grade 2 Titanium | 4.51 | 345 MPa |
| 316L Stainless Steel | 8.00 | 485 MPa |
Grade 4 offers strength comparable to many stainless steels while weighing approximately 45% less.
Corrosion Resistance
| Environment | Performance |
|---|---|
| Fresh Water | Excellent |
| Salt Water | Excellent |
| Marine Atmosphere | Excellent |
| Chloride Solutions | Excellent |
| Oxidizing Acids | Excellent |
| Chemical Processing | Excellent |
Grade 4 titanium provides corrosion resistance nearly identical to other commercially pure titanium grades.
Recommended surface treatments:
- Pickling
- Passivation
- Polishing
- Anodizing
- Electropolishing
Weldability
| Welding Process | Rating |
|---|---|
| TIG Welding | Excellent |
| MIG Welding | Excellent |
| Resistance Welding | Excellent |
| Laser Welding | Excellent |
Grade 4 maintains excellent weldability despite its higher strength.
Machinability
| Process | Rating |
|---|---|
| CNC Turning | Moderate |
| CNC Milling | Moderate |
| Drilling | Moderate |
| Grinding | Good |
| Forming | Fair |
Machinability Comparison
| Material | Machinability |
|---|---|
| Aluminum 6061 | Excellent |
| Stainless Steel 304 | Moderate |
| Grade 4 Titanium | Moderate |
| Grade 5 Titanium | Difficult |
Higher strength results in increased cutting forces compared with Grades 1 and 2.
Heat Treatment
Stress Relief
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 480–650°C |
| Cooling Method | Air Cool |
Annealing
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 650–760°C |
| Cooling Method | Air Cool |
Heat Treatability
| Property | Performance |
|---|---|
| Heat Treat Hardening | No |
| Annealing Response | Excellent |
| Cold Work Strengthening | Limited |
Like all commercially pure titanium grades, Grade 4 is not strengthened through conventional heat treatment.
International Equivalent Grades
| Standard | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|
| ASTM (USA) | Grade 4 |
| UNS | R50700 |
| DIN (Germany) | 3.7065 |
| EN (Europe) | Titanium Grade 4 |
| ISO | Titanium Grade 4 |
| JIS (Japan) | Class 4 Titanium |
| GB/T (China) | TA4 |
Available Forms
| Product Type | Availability |
|---|---|
| Sheet | Yes |
| Plate | Yes |
| Round Bar | Yes |
| Flat Bar | Yes |
| Tube | Yes |
| Pipe | Yes |
| Wire | Yes |
| Forgings | Yes |
Typical Applications
Medical Industry
- Dental Implants
- Orthopedic Implants
- Surgical Instruments
- Medical Devices
Aerospace Industry
- Structural Components
- Fasteners
- Hydraulic Systems
- Corrosion-Resistant Assemblies
Marine Industry
- Offshore Equipment
- Seawater Systems
- Marine Fasteners
- Desalination Equipment
Chemical Processing Industry
- Pressure Vessels
- Heat Exchangers
- Reactor Systems
- Chemical Storage Tanks
Energy Industry
- Power Generation Equipment
- Heat Recovery Systems
- Nuclear Components
Industrial Manufacturing
- Pumps
- Valves
- High-Strength Fabrications
- Corrosion-Resistant Components
Manufacturing Characteristics
| Manufacturing Process | Rating |
|---|---|
| CNC Machining | Good |
| Forming | Fair |
| Deep Drawing | Fair |
| Welding | Excellent |
| Anodizing | Excellent |
| Polishing | Excellent |
Advantages
Highest Strength Among Commercially Pure Titanium Grades
Provides maximum strength without alloy additions.
Outstanding Corrosion Resistance
Excellent performance in marine and chemical environments.
Excellent Biocompatibility
Widely used for medical and dental implants.
Good Weldability
Suitable for welded fabrications and assemblies.
Lightweight
Approximately 45% lighter than stainless steel.
Long Service Life
Maintains performance in aggressive operating conditions.
Limitations
Lower Formability Than Grades 1–3
Higher strength reduces cold-forming capability.
Higher Material Cost
More expensive than stainless steel and aluminum.
Lower Strength Than Grade 5 Titanium
Not suitable for the highest-performance aerospace structures.
Poor Thermal Conductivity
Less efficient than copper and aluminum alloys.
Comparison with Other Titanium Grades
| Property | Grade 4 | Grade 3 | Grade 2 | Grade 1 | Grade 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strength | Highest CP Grade | High | Moderate | Lower | Highest Overall |
| Ductility | Moderate | Good | Excellent | Outstanding | Moderate |
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent |
| Weldability | Excellent | Excellent | Outstanding | Outstanding | Good |
| Formability | Fair | Good | Excellent | Outstanding | Moderate |
Comparison with Common Materials
| Material | Density | Corrosion Resistance | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 4 Titanium | 4.51 g/cm³ | Excellent | High |
| Grade 2 Titanium | 4.51 g/cm³ | Excellent | Moderate |
| 316L Stainless Steel | 8.00 g/cm³ | Excellent | Similar |
| Aluminum 6061-T6 | 2.70 g/cm³ | Good | Lower |
Available Surface Finishes
Raw Finishes
- Mill Finish
- Annealed Finish
- Pickled Finish
Functional Finishes
- Precision Machined Finish
- Polished Finish
- Brushed Finish
Specialty Finishes
- Anodized Finish
- Electropolished Finish
- Medical Grade Finish
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is Grade 4 titanium?
Grade 4 is the strongest commercially pure titanium grade, offering excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility.
What is Grade 4 titanium used for?
Typical applications include:
- Dental Implants
- Surgical Instruments
- Aerospace Components
- Marine Equipment
- Chemical Processing Systems
What is the equivalent material to Grade 4 titanium?
Common equivalents include:
- UNS R50700
- DIN 3.7065
- TA4
- Titanium Grade 4
What is the difference between Grade 2 and Grade 4 titanium?
| Property | Grade 2 | Grade 4 |
|---|---|---|
| Strength | Moderate | Much Higher |
| Ductility | Higher | Lower |
| Formability | Better | Reduced |
| Medical Applications | Common | Widely Used for Implants |
Is Grade 4 titanium corrosion resistant?
Yes. It offers exceptional resistance to seawater, chlorides, and aggressive chemicals.
Can Grade 4 titanium be welded?
Yes. Grade 4 maintains excellent weldability and fabrication performance.
Why choose Grade 4 titanium?
Because it combines:
- High Strength
- Excellent Corrosion Resistance
- Outstanding Biocompatibility
- Lightweight Performance
- Long Service Life
Is Grade 4 titanium suitable for medical implants?
Yes. Grade 4 is one of the most widely used materials for dental and orthopedic implants.
Does GCNOV provide custom manufacturing services for Grade 4 titanium?
Yes. GCNOV provides:
- CNC Machining
- Titanium Fabrication
- Precision Welding
- Medical Component Manufacturing
- Surface Finishing
- Prototype Development
- Low-Volume Production
- Mass Production