Overview
Hastelloy C276 is a nickel-molybdenum-chromium superalloy recognized as one of the most corrosion-resistant engineering materials available. It offers exceptional resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, oxidizing environments, reducing acids, and aggressive chemical media.
Unlike many corrosion-resistant alloys that perform well only in specific environments, Hastelloy C276 provides broad-spectrum corrosion resistance across a wide range of chemical processing conditions. This versatility makes it one of the most widely specified alloys for highly corrosive industrial applications.
Hastelloy C276 is widely used in:
- Chemical Processing Equipment
- Offshore Oil & Gas Systems
- Pollution Control Equipment
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
- Pulp & Paper Processing
- Marine Engineering
- Nuclear Applications
- Waste Treatment Systems
Due to its unmatched corrosion resistance, Hastelloy C276 is often considered the benchmark alloy for severe chemical service environments.
Material Specification
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Material Designation | Hastelloy C276 |
| UNS Number | N10276 |
| Werkstoff Number | 2.4819 |
| ASTM Standards | ASTM B575, B574, B622, B619 |
| Material Family | Nickel-Molybdenum-Chromium Alloy |
| Density | 8.89 g/cm³ |
| Magnetic Property | Non-Magnetic |
| Typical Supply Condition | Solution Annealed |
| Standard Forms | Plate, Sheet, Bar, Rod, Pipe, Tube, Wire, Forgings |
Chemical Composition
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni) | Balance |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 15.0–17.0 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 14.5–16.5 |
| Iron (Fe) | 4.0–7.0 |
| Tungsten (W) | 3.0–4.5 |
| Cobalt (Co) | ≤2.5 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤1.0 |
| Vanadium (V) | ≤0.35 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤0.08 |
| Carbon (C) | ≤0.01 |
The combination of molybdenum, chromium, and tungsten provides exceptional resistance to both oxidizing and reducing environments.
Mechanical Properties
Solution Annealed Condition
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ≥690 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.2%) | ≥283 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥40% |
| Hardness | 180–220 HB |
| Elastic Modulus | 205 GPa |
Typical Mechanical Performance
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Fatigue Resistance | Excellent |
| Impact Toughness | Excellent |
| Ductility | Outstanding |
| Fracture Toughness | Excellent |
Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 8.89 g/cm³ |
| Melting Range | 1325–1370°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 11.2 W/m·K |
| Electrical Conductivity | 1.0% IACS |
| Electrical Resistivity | 1.30 μΩ·m |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 11.2 × 10⁻⁶/K |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 427 J/kg·K |
High Temperature Performance
| Property | Performance |
|---|---|
| Oxidation Resistance | Excellent |
| Thermal Stability | Excellent |
| Service Temperature | Up to 1040°C |
| Sulfidation Resistance | Excellent |
Hastelloy C276 maintains corrosion resistance and structural integrity under elevated temperatures.
Strength-to-Weight Ratio
| Material | Density (g/cm³) | Tensile Strength |
|---|---|---|
| Hastelloy C276 | 8.89 | 690 MPa |
| Inconel 625 | 8.44 | 827 MPa |
| Inconel 600 | 8.47 | 550 MPa |
| 316L Stainless Steel | 8.00 | 485 MPa |
While not as strong as some precipitation-hardened superalloys, Hastelloy C276 excels in corrosion resistance.
Corrosion Resistance
| Environment | Performance |
|---|---|
| Hydrochloric Acid | Outstanding |
| Sulfuric Acid | Outstanding |
| Phosphoric Acid | Outstanding |
| Chloride Solutions | Outstanding |
| Seawater | Outstanding |
| Wet Chlorine Gas | Outstanding |
| Ferric Chloride | Outstanding |
| Organic Acids | Outstanding |
Hastelloy C276 is highly resistant to:
- Pitting Corrosion
- Crevice Corrosion
- Stress Corrosion Cracking
- Intergranular Corrosion
- Chloride Attack
- Acid Corrosion
Recommended surface treatments:
- Pickling
- Passivation
- Electropolishing
- Mechanical Polishing
Corrosion Resistance Comparison
| Material | Corrosion Resistance |
|---|---|
| Hastelloy C276 | Outstanding |
| Inconel 625 | Excellent |
| Titanium Grade 7 | Excellent |
| 316L Stainless Steel | Good |
Hastelloy C276 is frequently selected when stainless steel, titanium, and other nickel alloys fail in aggressive chemical environments.
Marine and Offshore Performance
| Property | Rating |
|---|---|
| Seawater Resistance | Outstanding |
| Chloride Resistance | Outstanding |
| Offshore Durability | Outstanding |
| Biofouling Resistance | Excellent |
Hastelloy C276 is commonly used in offshore oil and gas systems exposed to chloride-rich environments.
Weldability
| Welding Process | Rating |
|---|---|
| TIG Welding | Outstanding |
| MIG Welding | Outstanding |
| Resistance Welding | Excellent |
| Laser Welding | Excellent |
Hastelloy C276 can generally be welded without post-weld heat treatment.
Machinability
| Process | Rating |
|---|---|
| CNC Turning | Moderate |
| CNC Milling | Moderate |
| Drilling | Moderate |
| Grinding | Good |
| EDM Machining | Excellent |
Machinability Comparison
| Material | Machinability |
|---|---|
| Aluminum 6061 | Excellent |
| 316 Stainless Steel | Good |
| Hastelloy C276 | Moderate |
| Inconel 718 | Difficult |
Work hardening requires proper tooling and optimized cutting parameters.
Heat Treatment
Solution Annealing
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 1120–1175°C |
| Cooling Method | Rapid Water Quench |
Stress Relief
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 870–980°C |
| Cooling Method | Air Cool |
Heat Treatability
| Property | Performance |
|---|---|
| Solution Annealing | Excellent |
| Precipitation Hardening | No |
| Structural Stability | Outstanding |
Hastelloy C276 is not precipitation hardenable.
International Equivalent Grades
| Standard | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|
| UNS | N10276 |
| ASTM | Hastelloy C276 |
| DIN | 2.4819 |
| EN | NiMo16Cr15W |
| ISO | NiMo16Cr15W |
| JIS | NW0276 |
| GB/T (China) | NS334 |
Available Forms
| Product Type | Availability |
|---|---|
| Plate | Yes |
| Sheet | Yes |
| Round Bar | Yes |
| Pipe | Yes |
| Tube | Yes |
| Wire | Yes |
| Forgings | Yes |
Typical Applications
Chemical Processing Industry
- Reactors
- Heat Exchangers
- Process Piping
- Storage Tanks
- Acid Handling Systems
Oil & Gas Industry
- Offshore Platforms
- Subsea Equipment
- Valves
- Pumps
- Flow Control Systems
Pollution Control Industry
- Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems
- Scrubbers
- Waste Treatment Equipment
Pharmaceutical Industry
- Chemical Reactors
- High-Purity Process Systems
- Sterile Production Equipment
Pulp & Paper Industry
- Bleaching Equipment
- Digesters
- Chemical Recovery Systems
Marine Industry
- Seawater Systems
- Offshore Structures
- Corrosion-Resistant Components
Manufacturing Characteristics
| Manufacturing Process | Rating |
|---|---|
| CNC Machining | Good |
| Welding | Outstanding |
| Forming | Good |
| Deep Drawing | Good |
| Forging | Excellent |
Advantages
Exceptional Corrosion Resistance
One of the most corrosion-resistant engineering alloys available.
Resistance to Both Oxidizing and Reducing Acids
Performs where many alloys fail.
Outstanding Chloride Resistance
Excellent protection against pitting and crevice corrosion.
Excellent Weldability
Suitable for complex fabricated structures.
Broad Chemical Compatibility
Effective in a wide variety of industrial processes.
Long Service Life
Reduces maintenance and replacement costs.
Limitations
High Material Cost
One of the more expensive engineering alloys.
Difficult Machining
Work hardening increases machining complexity.
Heavy Material
Higher density than titanium alloys.
Lower Strength Than Inconel 718
Designed primarily for corrosion resistance rather than maximum strength.
Comparison with Other Corrosion-Resistant Alloys
| Property | Hastelloy C276 | Inconel 625 | Titanium Grade 7 | 316L SS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corrosion Resistance | Outstanding | Excellent | Excellent | Good |
| Acid Resistance | Outstanding | Excellent | Excellent | Moderate |
| Chloride Resistance | Outstanding | Excellent | Excellent | Poor |
| Cost | Very High | High | High | Moderate |
Comparison with Common Engineering Materials
| Material | Density | Tensile Strength | Corrosion Resistance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hastelloy C276 | 8.89 g/cm³ | 690 MPa | Outstanding |
| Inconel 625 | 8.44 g/cm³ | 827 MPa | Excellent |
| Titanium Grade 7 | 4.51 g/cm³ | 345 MPa | Excellent |
| 316L Stainless Steel | 8.00 g/cm³ | 485 MPa | Good |
Available Surface Finishes
Raw Finishes
- Mill Finish
- Annealed Finish
- Pickled Finish
Functional Finishes
- Precision Machined Finish
- Brushed Finish
- Polished Finish
Specialty Finishes
- Electropolished Finish
- Passivated Finish
- Chemical Processing Grade Finish
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is Hastelloy C276?
Hastelloy C276 is a nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy designed for extreme corrosion resistance in aggressive chemical environments.
What is Hastelloy C276 used for?
Typical applications include:
- Chemical Processing Equipment
- Offshore Oil & Gas Systems
- Heat Exchangers
- Pollution Control Equipment
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
What is the equivalent material to Hastelloy C276?
Common equivalents include:
- UNS N10276
- DIN 2.4819
- NiMo16Cr15W
- NS334
What is the difference between Hastelloy C276 and Inconel 625?
| Property | Hastelloy C276 | Inconel 625 |
|---|---|---|
| Corrosion Resistance | Better | Excellent |
| Strength | Lower | Higher |
| Acid Resistance | Outstanding | Excellent |
| Marine Service | Outstanding | Outstanding |
Is Hastelloy C276 corrosion resistant?
Yes. It is one of the most corrosion-resistant engineering alloys available.
Can Hastelloy C276 be welded?
Yes. Hastelloy C276 offers excellent weldability using conventional welding methods.
Why choose Hastelloy C276?
Because it combines:
- Outstanding Corrosion Resistance
- Exceptional Acid Resistance
- Excellent Weldability
- Chloride Corrosion Protection
- Long Service Life
Is Hastelloy C276 suitable for hydrochloric acid service?
Yes. Hastelloy C276 is one of the preferred materials for hydrochloric acid environments.
Does GCNOV provide custom manufacturing services for Hastelloy C276?
Yes. GCNOV provides:
- CNC Machining
- Precision Turning and Milling
- Nickel Alloy Fabrication
- Welding Services
- Surface Finishing
- Prototype Development
- Low-Volume Production
- Mass Production