Overview
SS410 (AISI 410 Stainless Steel) is a martensitic stainless steel belonging to the 400 Series Stainless Steel Family. It is known for its combination of moderate corrosion resistance, high strength, excellent hardness, and heat-treatable properties.
Unlike austenitic stainless steels such as SS304 and SS316, SS410 can be hardened through heat treatment, making it suitable for applications requiring wear resistance, mechanical strength, and durability. It is widely used in valves, pumps, shafts, fasteners, turbine components, cutlery, molds, and industrial machinery.
Compared with SS304, SS410 offers significantly higher hardness and strength but lower corrosion resistance. Compared with SS420, SS410 provides better toughness but lower hardness.
Material Specification
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Material Designation | AISI 410 |
| Material Family | Martensitic Stainless Steel |
| UNS Number | S41000 |
| EN Grade | 1.4006 |
| Density | 7.75 g/cm³ |
| Magnetic Property | Magnetic |
| Standard Forms | Plate, Sheet, Bar, Rod, Pipe, Tube, Forgings |
Chemical Composition
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
| Chromium (Cr) | 11.5–13.5 |
| Carbon (C) | ≤0.15 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤1.00 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤1.00 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.040 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤0.030 |
| Nickel (Ni) | ≤0.75 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | ≤0.75 |
Mechanical Properties
Annealed Condition
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 450–650 MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥205 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥20% |
| Hardness | ≤183 HB |
| Elastic Modulus | 200 GPa |
Hardened & Tempered Condition
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 700–1100 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 450–850 MPa |
| Hardness | 35–45 HRC |
| Impact Toughness | Good |
Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 7.75 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1480–1530°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 24.9 W/m·K |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.57 μΩ·m |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 9.9 × 10⁻⁶/K |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 460 J/kg·K |
Corrosion Resistance
| Environment | Performance |
|---|---|
| Indoor Environment | Good |
| Atmospheric Exposure | Good |
| Industrial Environment | Moderate |
| Fresh Water | Good |
| Marine Environment | Poor |
| Chloride Environment | Poor |
| Chemical Processing Environment | Limited |
SS410 provides moderate corrosion resistance and performs well in mild atmospheric environments. For marine or highly corrosive applications, SS304 or SS316 is recommended.
Heat Treatment
Annealing
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 815–900°C |
| Cooling Method | Furnace Cool |
Hardening
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 925–1010°C |
| Quenching | Oil or Air |
Tempering
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 200–700°C |
| Purpose | Adjust Hardness & Toughness |
One of SS410’s key advantages is its ability to be heat treated for enhanced strength and wear resistance.
International Equivalent Grades
| Standard | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|
| ASTM / AISI (USA) | 410 |
| UNS | S41000 |
| EN (Europe) | 1.4006 |
| DIN (Germany) | X12Cr13 |
| JIS (Japan) | SUS410 |
| GB/T (China) | 12Cr13 |
| ISO | X12Cr13 |
Available Forms
| Product Type | Availability |
|---|---|
| Stainless Steel Plate | Yes |
| Stainless Steel Sheet | Yes |
| Round Bar | Yes |
| Forgings | Yes |
| Pipe | Yes |
| Tube | Yes |
| Machining Stock | Yes |
Typical Applications
Valve & Pump Industry
- Valve Bodies
- Valve Seats
- Pump Shafts
- Pump Components
- Fluid Control Systems
Oil & Gas Industry
- Downhole Components
- Flow Control Parts
- Mechanical Seals
- Structural Components
Power Generation
- Steam Turbine Blades
- Generator Components
- Boiler Accessories
Industrial Machinery
- Shafts
- Gears
- Couplings
- Wear Components
Tooling Industry
- Hand Tools
- Measuring Tools
- Molds
- Dies
Consumer Products
- Cutlery
- Kitchen Tools
- Scissors
- Razor Components
Manufacturing Characteristics
| Manufacturing Process | Rating |
|---|---|
| CNC Turning | Excellent |
| CNC Milling | Excellent |
| Drilling | Excellent |
| Grinding | Excellent |
| Heat Treatment | Outstanding |
| Forging | Excellent |
| Welding | Fair |
| Laser Cutting | Good |
| Polishing | Good |
Advantages
Heat Treatable
Can be hardened for increased strength and wear resistance.
High Mechanical Strength
Offers higher strength than most austenitic stainless steels.
Good Wear Resistance
Suitable for moving and friction-related components.
Excellent Machinability
Easy to machine in annealed condition.
Cost Effective
Lower nickel content reduces material cost.
Magnetic Material
Suitable for applications requiring magnetic properties.
Limitations
Lower Corrosion Resistance
Inferior to SS304 and SS316.
Reduced Weldability
Preheating and post-weld heat treatment are often recommended.
Poor Marine Performance
Not suitable for saltwater environments.
Lower Toughness Than Austenitic Grades
Can become brittle under certain heat treatment conditions.
Comparison with Other Stainless Steels
| Property | SS410 | SS420 | SS430 | SS304 | SS316 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corrosion Resistance | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Excellent | Outstanding |
| Hardness | High | Very High | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Heat Treatable | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Wear Resistance | Good | Excellent | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Weldability | Fair | Poor | Good | Excellent | Excellent |
| Cost | Low | Medium | Low | Medium | High |
Comparison with Common Engineering Metals
| Material | Density (g/cm³) | Strength | Wear Resistance | Corrosion Resistance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS410 | 7.75 | High | Good | Moderate |
| SS420 | 7.75 | Very High | Excellent | Moderate |
| Carbon Steel 1045 | 7.85 | High | Good | Poor |
| Tool Steel D2 | 7.70 | Very High | Outstanding | Fair |
| SS304 | 8.00 | Medium | Moderate | Excellent |
| Aluminum 7075 | 2.81 | High | Moderate | Fair |
Available Surface Finishes
Mill Finishes
- Hot Rolled Finish
- Cold Rolled Finish
- Ground Finish
- Bright Finish
Decorative Finishes
- Mirror Polish
- Satin Finish
- Brushed Finish
- Hairline Finish
Functional Finishes
- Passivation
- Electropolishing
- Hard Chrome Plating
- Black Oxide Coating
- Nitriding
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is SS410 stainless steel?
SS410 is a martensitic stainless steel known for its heat-treatability, strength, wear resistance, and moderate corrosion resistance.
What is SS410 used for?
Typical applications include:
- Valves
- Pump Components
- Shafts
- Turbine Blades
- Fasteners
- Industrial Machinery Parts
Is SS410 magnetic?
Yes. SS410 is magnetic in both annealed and hardened conditions.
Can SS410 be heat treated?
Yes. SS410 can be hardened and tempered to achieve significantly higher strength and wear resistance.
What is the difference between SS410 and SS304?
| Property | SS410 | SS304 |
|---|---|---|
| Corrosion Resistance | Moderate | Excellent |
| Hardness | Higher | Lower |
| Heat Treatable | Yes | No |
| Magnetic | Yes | No |
What is the difference between SS410 and SS420?
| Property | SS410 | SS420 |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | High | Higher |
| Toughness | Better | Lower |
| Wear Resistance | Good | Excellent |
| Machinability | Better | Lower |
Can SS410 rust?
Yes. SS410 can rust in harsh environments, especially when exposed to saltwater or chemicals.
Is SS410 suitable for food-grade applications?
Limited. SS410 is used in some cutlery applications, but SS304 and SS316 are preferred for food processing equipment.
Why is SS410 used for shafts and valves?
Because it combines:
- High Strength
- Heat Treatability
- Wear Resistance
- Cost Effectiveness
making it ideal for mechanical power transmission and fluid control systems.
Does GCNOV provide custom manufacturing services for SS410?
Yes. GCNOV provides:
- CNC Machining
- CNC Turning
- Precision Grinding
- Heat Treatment
- Valve Component Manufacturing
- Pump Component Manufacturing
- Surface Finishing
- Prototype Development
- Low-Volume Production
- Mass Production